Nk’uko bitangazwa n’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye rishinzwe kugenzura ikoreshwa ry’ingufu za kirimbuzi (IAEA), Iran imaze kugira uranium itunganyijwe igera kuri toni 9.2, cyangwa 9,247.6 kg. Ibi birenze inshuro zirenga 45 ku gipimo yemerewe mu masezerano ya nucleaire yasinywe mu 2015 hagati ya Iran n’ibihugu bikomeye.

Muri iyo uranium, Iran ifite ibiro 408.6 byatunganyijwe ku kigero cya 60%, mu gihe 90% ari cyo kigero gikenerwa mu gukora intwaro za kirimbuzi. Bivuze ko Iran ifite ubushobozi bwo gutunganya uranium mu gihe gito, ndetse ishobora kugira ibikoresho bihagije byo gukora intwaro za kirimbuzi zigera ku icumi.

Israel yagabye igitero cyatsa umuriro

Mu gitondo cyo kur'uyu wa Gatanu, Israel yagabye igitero ku bigo bikomeye bya nucleaire bya Iran, birimo icya Natanz, gikunze gufatwa nk’umutima wa gahunda ya nucleaire ya Iran. Minisitiri w’intebe wa Israel, Benjamin Netanyahu, yatangaje ko igitero cyagabwe ku“Mutima wa gahunda ya nucleaire ya Iran”, harimo n’abahanga bayikoramo.

Umuyobozi wa IAEA, Rafael Grossi, nawe yemeje ko ikigo cya Natanz cyabaye kimwe mu byagabweho ibitero. Israel ivuga ko icyo gitero cyari kigamije guhagarika Iran mu nzira yo kugera ku ntwaro za kirimbuzi, yikiza abayobozi n’ibikoresho by’ingenzi.

Amasezerano arasa n'asatira iherezo

Mu 2015, Iran n’ibihugu bikomeye byashyize umukono ku masezerano agamije guhagarika gahunda ya nucleaire ya Iran, mu gihe nayo yemererwaga koroherezwa mu bijyanye n'ubukungu no gukurirwaho ibihano. Gusa mu 2018, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika yayavuyemo ku bw'icyemezo cya Perezida Donald Trump. Ibi byatumye Iran itangira kongera ibikorwa byayo byari byarafunzwe.

Ubu Iran iravugwaho gukorana umwete mu gutunganya uranium ku rwego rurenze urwemewe, ndetse no kubaka inganda nshya zitunganya ingufu za nucleaire. Nubwo ivuga ko ibyo bikorwa bigamije amahoro (bya gisivile), Isi ikomeje gutekereza ko ari inzira yo kwitegura gukora intwaro za kirimbuzi.

Menya hamwe mu hantu h’ingenzi hatunganyirizwa nucleaire muri Iran:

1. Natanz

Natanz ni cyo kigo cya mbere cy’ingenzi mu bikorwa bya nucleaire bya Iran. Giherereye hafi ya Teherani ( Tehran), cyubatse mu buryo burinzwe bikomeye, harimo n’igice kiri munsi y’ubutaka. Aha hari imashini (centrifuges) zirenga 70 zitunganya uranium. Iyi site yigeze kugabwaho igitero cy’ubutasi mu 2021, Iran ishinja Israel, none yongeye kugabwaho ibindi bitero.

2. Fordo

Fordo ni urundi ruganda ruri munsi y’umusozi hafi y’umujyi wa Qom. Rwagiye ku mugaragaro mu 2009 nyuma y’igihe rwubakwa mu ibanga. Rwashyizweho nk’uruganda rushobora gukomeza gukora no mu gihe cy’intambara cyangwa ibitero.

Mu 2023, IAEA yahabonye uranium ifite ubukana bwa 83.7%, Iran ivuga ko ari “impinduka zitateganyijwe.”

3. Isfahan

Iki kigo giherereye hagati muri Iran gikora akazi ko guhindura uranium iva mu butaka ikajya gukoreshwa mu mashini zitunganya (UF6). Hanafite uruganda rukora lisansi ikoreshwa mu nganda, ndetse Iran yatangaje ko iri no kubaka reactor y’ubushakashatsi nshya izakoreshwa mu myaka iri imbere.

4. Arak

Reactor ya Arak ikoreshwa n’amazi aremereye (heavy water) yubatswe mu 2000s, ariko yubatswe yitondewe bitewe n’amasezerano ya 2015. Iran yamaze gutangaza ko izayifungura ku mugaragaro bitarenze 2026. Aha hateganyijwe gutunganyirizwa plutonium ikoreshwa mu bushakashatsi bw’ubuvuzi ariko ishobora no kwifashishwa mu gukora intwaro za nucleaire.

5. Tehran

Umurwa mukuru wa Iran ufite ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cyubatswe mu 1967, ku bufatanye na Amerika. Aha ni ho hakorerwa radioisotopes zifashishwa mu kuvura indwara nka kanseri.

6. Bushehr

Ni uruganda rukoresha ingufu za nucleaire rutanga amashanyarazi. Rwubatswe na Russia, rutangira gukora mu 2011. Rutanga ingufu ku rugero rwa megawatt 1,000, kandi Russia ikomeza kurutanga lisansi n’ubufasha mu mikorere yarwo. Rugenzurwa na IAEA.

7. Darkhovin na Sirik

Iran yatangiye kubaka uruganda rwa megawatt 300 muri Darkhovin mu 2022, no mu 2024 itangira undi mushinga mugari mu gace ka Sirik, aho hubakwa inganda enye zizatanga megawatt 5,000.

Isi yashyizwe mu Rujijo

Nubwo Iran ikomeza guhakana ko igamije gukora intwaro za kirimbuzi, abasesenguzi benshi basanga intambwe ziri guterwa ari izo kwitegura kuzikora igihe cyose bibaye ngombwa.

Ibihugu bikomeye birimo Amerika, Ubufaransa, Ubudage n’Ubwongereza bikomeje kotsa igitutu Iran ngo isubire ku masezerano, ariko Iran ivuga ko ibanza gusubizwa ibyo yemerewe mu masezerano yagiye arenzwa ingohe.

Mu gihe Israel ikomeje kwerekana ko itazihanganira gahunda ya nucleaire ya Iran, ikaba yarafashe iya mbere mu kuyihungabanya, ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko ibi bishobora kuvamo umwiryane urambye mu karere no ku rwego mpuzamahanga.

Iran iri ku muryango uyigeza ku gukora intwaro za kirimbuzi, ibintu bishobora guhindura isura y’umutekano ku isi. Ni mugihe ibiganiro hagati ya Teherani na Washington byakomeje mu ibanga, ibitero bya Israel byasize bigaragaje ko amagambo ashobora gusimburwa n’ibikorwa bikomeye.

Ubu Isi yose ihanze amaso Iran, Israel n’ibihugu bikomeye, mu gihe hategerejwe igisubizo ku bibazo bishobora kugira ingaruka ndende ku mutekano mpuzamahanga.

@rfi